What is a simple machine?

A simple machine is a basic mechanical device that changes the direction or magnitude of a force. These machines are fundamental to many complex tools and machines we use today. They work by applying a single applied force, and they perform work against a single load force. There are six classical simple machines:

• Lever: A rigid bar that pivots around a fixed point called a fulcrum. Levers are used to multiply force or distance.
• Wheel and Axle: Consists of a wheel attached to a smaller axle. Rotating the wheel requires less force than rotating the axle directly.
• Pulley: A grooved wheel with a rope or cable wrapped around it. Pulleys can change the direction of a force or multiply it, depending on the arrangement.
• Inclined Plane: A flat surface set at an angle to the horizontal. It reduces the force required to raise an object but increases the distance over which the force must be applied.
• Wedge: A double inclined plane that is used to separate or split objects by applying a force to a narrow edge.
• Screw: An inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder. It converts rotational motion into linear motion and is often used to fasten objects together.

These machines allow us to do work with less force, though the distance over which the force is applied is often increased. The mechanical advantage of a simple machine is the ratio of the output force to the input force.